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Archetype of Aesthetics : the invention of a canon in African art.
The terracotta statuary of the Nok Culture is a classic art style whose sudden appearance has radically challenged the traditional art history of African Sculpture.
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF NOK ART.
Four main characteristics distinguish the NOK STYLE.
1. The treatment of the eyes, which form either a segment of a circle or sometimes a triangular form, with the eyebrow above balancing the sweep of the lower lip, sometimes making a circle.
2. The piercing of the pupils, the nostrils, the lips and the ears.
3. The careful representation of elaborate hairstyles, with complex constructions buns, tresses, locks and the profusion of beads around the neck, torso and waist.
4. The realism in the modeling of the curled lips, the straight nose with flaring nostrils and the large overhanging forehead.
The earliest known sculpture of large
size in the Sudan is that produced in pottery by the Nok culture, which
flourished extensively in northern Nigeria from the 5th century BC into
the early centuries AD. These people were the first known manufacturers
of iron in western Africa, furnaces at Taruga having been dated between
the 5th and early 3rd centuries BC; they continued, however, to use
stone tools. Of well-fired clay, their sculptures represent animals
naturalistically; human figures, however, are depicted with heads that
are usually tubular, but sometimes conical or spherical, and with simple
tubular trunks and limbs. The art of Nok indicates the antiquity of many
basic canons of West African sculpture, but the precise relationship
between ancient and modern forms is obscure.
Nok figures where made for religious purpose as proved by subject and
attitude.
Nok terracotta figures are cult objects representing deities, spirit
figures, mythical beings or deified ancestors.
Some of the earliest examples of sophisticated sculpture in sub-Saharan
Africa come from the Nok culture. We do not know what the people called
themselves, so the culture was named after the town of Nok where the
first object was found. The fired clay or terracotta sculptures range in
size from small pendant to life-size figures. Nok is an iron age culture
that has been dated between 900 B.C. and 200 A.D. Archaelogical
artifacts have been found in Nigeria, primarily to the north of the
Niger-Benue River confluence and below the Jos escarpment. According to
some accounts, based on artistic similarities between early Yoruba art
forms and Nok forms, there may be connections between Nok culture and
contemporary Yoruba peoples.

Some Nok auctions results:
Dimanche 28 Mars 2004. Rambouillet, France .
Parmi les 80 sculptures présentées, on retiendra les 7 600 euros
obtenus sur une tête de notable nok du Nigeria en terre cuite à engobe beige
orangé.
Toujours d'une tribu Nok du Nigeria, une statue de femme en terre cuite
était cédée pour 14 000 euros et une statue aviforme était adjugée 6 800
euros.
Faure et Associés, SVV - Tél. 01.34.83.01.32
Noks Books :
The
Birth of Art in Africa: Nok Statuary in Nigeria
Author: Bernard De Grunne; Buy New: $29.95
1999, ISBN: 2876602423 Book Description: HARDCOVER VILO 1998. D *In Nigeria.
This volume presents sixty-five illustrations of terra-cotta sculptures from the
Nok, Sokoto and Katsina cultures of Nigeria. These objects, dating from 600 BC
to 300 AD, form the oldest traces of the remarkable sculptural tradition from
sub-Saharan Africa. Color/b&w illus; maps. 121p.

Fagg, B: Nok
terracottas (Lagos, 1977), no. 59, pl. 59. Published by
Ethnographica for the National Museum, Lagos (1977), 40 pages.
Arseniev, V.: Culture de l'ancienne espace nigérienne,"Hermitage
Readings". The George Ortiz Collection, St. Petersburg (12 April 1993), pp.
18-22, 27.
Highlights from 2000 Years of Nigerian Art Eyo, Epko. Logos (Nigeria)
Federal Department of Antiquities, 1973. app. 40 pp., 31 illustrations. approx.
6"x 11", An exhibition catalogue with some unusual figures; portrait
busts are the major focus.
Treasures of Ancient Nigeria. EYO (Ekpo) and Frank Willett. Book Description:
Detroit Inst./Knopf NY 1980. paper edition 162pp, color, b/w illustrations
AFRICAN ARTS. Vol. XXVII, No. 3. Memorial to William Fagg. African Arts, Book
Description: July 1994, Los Angeles, 104 pp. Memorial to William Fagg. Includes:
E. Bassani, "Additional Notes on the Afro-Portuguese Ivories"; F.
Willet, B. Torsney, & M. Ritchie, "Composition and Style: An
Examination of the Benin 'Bronze' Heads" , R. Abiodun, "Understanding
Yoruba Art and Aesthetics: the Concept of Ase"; and A. Fagg, "Thoughts
on Nok".
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